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Chegu Khairi

Fungsi Trigonometri · Tingkatan 5

Kesilapan Tanda Teras Teorem Pythagoras dalam Ungkapan Trigonometri

Sign Error in the Pythagorean Theorem inside Trigonometric Expressions

Sign Error in the Pythagorean Theorem inside Trigonometric Expressions

Soalan

The question

15 (a)(i) Diberi bahawa kot λ = p, dengan keadaan λ ialah sudut tirus, ungkapkan kosek (180° + λ) dalam sebutan p. (a)(ii) Diberi bahawa kot λ = p, dengan keadaan λ ialah sudut tirus, ungkapkan sek (360° - λ) dalam sebutan p. (b) Selesaikan cos θ - cos θ sin² θ = 0 bagi -π ≤ θ ≤ π, berikan jawapan anda dalam sebutan π.
Soalan seperti dicetak: Kertas 1 Bahagian B, Sarawak 2026

Kertas 1 Bahagian B, Sarawak 2026

Apabila menentukan nisbah trigonometri daripada segi tiga bersudut tegak, hipotenus dihitung menggunakan teorem Pythagoras iaitu √(1+p²). Menggantikan tanda tambah dengan tanda tolak pada hipotenus menghasilkan ungkapan sinλ = 1/(√(1-p²)) yang salah, lalu menyebabkan jawapan akhir menjadi -√(1-p²) dan bukannya -√(1+p²).

When determining trigonometric ratios from a right-angled triangle, the hypotenuse is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem as √(1+p²). Replacing the plus sign with a minus sign on the hypotenuse gives an incorrect expression of sinλ = 1/(√(1-p²)), causing the final answer to become -√(1-p²) instead of -√(1+p²).

Kertas sebenar, sudah ditanda

The marked scripts

Substituting the value of sinλ using a minus sign inside the square root form yields an incorrect final answer of -√(1-p²).
Penggantian nilai sinλ menggunakan tanda tolak pada bentuk punca kuasa dua menghasilkan jawapan akhir -√(1-p²) yang tidak tepat. Substituting the value of sinλ using a minus sign inside the square root form yields an incorrect final answer of -√(1-p²).
The working ends with an incorrect answer due to the application of an incorrect hypotenuse formula.
Langkah kerja terhenti pada jawapan yang salah disebabkan penggunaan formula hipotenus yang tidak betul. The working ends with an incorrect answer due to the application of an incorrect hypotenuse formula.

Yang salah

What went wrong

cotλ = p
tanλ = 1/p
hipotenus = √(1-p²)
kosek(180° + λ) = 1/(sin(180° + λ))
= 1/(-sinλ)
= 1/(-(1/(√(1-p²))))
= -√(1-p²)
cotλ = p
tanλ = 1/p
hypotenuse = √(1-p²)
cosec(180° + λ) = 1/(sin(180° + λ))
= 1/(-sinλ)
= 1/(-(1/(√(1-p²))))
= -√(1-p²)

Yang betul

The correct working

cotλ = p
tanλ = 1/p
hipotenus = √(1+p²)
kosek(180° + λ) = 1/(sin(180° + λ))
= 1/(-sinλ)
= 1/(-(1/(√(1+p²))))
= -√(1+p²)
cotλ = p
tanλ = 1/p
hypotenuse = √(1+p²)
cosec(180° + λ) = 1/(sin(180° + λ))
= 1/(-sinλ)
= 1/(-(1/(√(1+p²))))
= -√(1+p²)

Kenapa ramai buat silap ini

Why this happens

Pelajar kerap tersilap menggunakan tanda tolak semasa menulis nilai hipotenus bagi segi tiga rujukan. Oleh sebab teorem Pythagoras menyatakan bahawa kuasa dua hipotenus ialah hasil tambah kuasa dua dua sisi yang lain, nilai hipotenus mestilah √(1+p²). Kesilapan tanda pada peringkat ini menyebabkan keseluruhan penggantian nisbah trigonometri seterusnya menjadi salah.

Pupils often mistakenly use a minus sign when writing the value of the hypotenuse for a reference triangle. Since the Pythagorean theorem states that the square of the hypotenuse is the sum of the squares of the other two sides, the hypotenuse must be √(1+p²). A sign error at this stage causes the subsequent substitution of trigonometric ratios to be wrong.

Markah yang hilang

Marks lost

Kehilangan markah jawapan akhir akibat kesilapan tanda pada pemboleh ubah hipotenus.

Loss of the final answer mark due to a sign error in the hypotenuse variable.

Chegu Khairi menanda kerja ini setiap minggu

Chegu Khairi marks this every week

Kerja rumah ditanda pada hari yang sama dan dibincangkan dalam kelas berikutnya, jadi kesalahan sebegini dapat diperbetulkan semasa latihan dan bukan berlaku semasa peperiksaan.

Homework is marked the same day and discussed in the next class, so a mistake like this one gets corrected during practice rather than happening in the exam.

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