Fungsi Trigonometri · Tingkatan 5
Kesilapan Tanda Teras Teorem Pythagoras dalam Ungkapan Trigonometri
Sign Error in the Pythagorean Theorem inside Trigonometric Expressions
Sign Error in the Pythagorean Theorem inside Trigonometric Expressions
Soalan
The question
Kertas 1 Bahagian B, Sarawak 2026
Apabila menentukan nisbah trigonometri daripada segi tiga bersudut tegak, hipotenus dihitung menggunakan teorem Pythagoras iaitu √(1+p²). Menggantikan tanda tambah dengan tanda tolak pada hipotenus menghasilkan ungkapan sinλ = 1/(√(1-p²)) yang salah, lalu menyebabkan jawapan akhir menjadi -√(1-p²) dan bukannya -√(1+p²).
When determining trigonometric ratios from a right-angled triangle, the hypotenuse is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem as √(1+p²). Replacing the plus sign with a minus sign on the hypotenuse gives an incorrect expression of sinλ = 1/(√(1-p²)), causing the final answer to become -√(1-p²) instead of -√(1+p²).
Kertas sebenar, sudah ditanda
The marked scripts
Yang salah
What went wrong
cotλ = p tanλ = 1/p hipotenus = √(1-p²) kosek(180° + λ) = 1/(sin(180° + λ)) = 1/(-sinλ) = 1/(-(1/(√(1-p²)))) = -√(1-p²)
cotλ = p
tanλ = 1/p
hypotenuse = √(1-p²)
cosec(180° + λ) = 1/(sin(180° + λ))
= 1/(-sinλ)
= 1/(-(1/(√(1-p²))))
= -√(1-p²)
Yang betul
The correct working
cotλ = p tanλ = 1/p hipotenus = √(1+p²) kosek(180° + λ) = 1/(sin(180° + λ)) = 1/(-sinλ) = 1/(-(1/(√(1+p²)))) = -√(1+p²)
cotλ = p
tanλ = 1/p
hypotenuse = √(1+p²)
cosec(180° + λ) = 1/(sin(180° + λ))
= 1/(-sinλ)
= 1/(-(1/(√(1+p²))))
= -√(1+p²)
Kenapa ramai buat silap ini
Why this happens
Pelajar kerap tersilap menggunakan tanda tolak semasa menulis nilai hipotenus bagi segi tiga rujukan. Oleh sebab teorem Pythagoras menyatakan bahawa kuasa dua hipotenus ialah hasil tambah kuasa dua dua sisi yang lain, nilai hipotenus mestilah √(1+p²). Kesilapan tanda pada peringkat ini menyebabkan keseluruhan penggantian nisbah trigonometri seterusnya menjadi salah.
Pupils often mistakenly use a minus sign when writing the value of the hypotenuse for a reference triangle. Since the Pythagorean theorem states that the square of the hypotenuse is the sum of the squares of the other two sides, the hypotenuse must be √(1+p²). A sign error at this stage causes the subsequent substitution of trigonometric ratios to be wrong.
Markah yang hilang
Marks lost
Kehilangan markah jawapan akhir akibat kesilapan tanda pada pemboleh ubah hipotenus.
Loss of the final answer mark due to a sign error in the hypotenuse variable.
Chegu Khairi menanda kerja ini setiap minggu
Chegu Khairi marks this every week
Kerja rumah ditanda pada hari yang sama dan dibincangkan dalam kelas berikutnya, jadi kesalahan sebegini dapat diperbetulkan semasa latihan dan bukan berlaku semasa peperiksaan.
Homework is marked the same day and discussed in the next class, so a mistake like this one gets corrected during practice rather than happening in the exam.
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